Otitis externa, commonly referred to as “Swimmer’s Ear,” is one of the most frequent summer ailments, accounting for 15-20% of medical consultations during this season. While it is not a severe condition, it can be quite uncomfortable.
This condition is caused by prolonged exposure to water and occurs when the natural skin barrier lining the ear canal becomes compromised. The ear canal, a tube-like structure connecting the outer ear to the eardrum, is naturally protected by an acidic pH layer and a mix of bone, cartilage, and skin. When this protective barrier is disturbed, moisture and bacteria can infiltrate, leading to infection.
Key Symptoms
The hallmark symptom of otitis externa is intense ear pain that worsens when pressure is applied to the affected area. Other symptoms include:
- Pain while chewing.
- Tenderness when pressing the tragus (the small flap of cartilage in front of the ear canal).
- Pain when resting the affected ear on a pillow, even with minimal contact.
- A blocked or clogged ear sensation.
- Itching inside the ear canal.
- Swollen lymph nodes near the ear.
- Clear, odourless fluid discharge from the ear.
Identifying the Condition
An informal diagnostic test called the Bachert maneuver involves gently pressing the tragus with your index finger. If pain or discomfort arises, otitis externa is likely.
A more thorough examination using an otomicroscope may reveal redness, swelling, or fluid discharge in the ear canal. These signs indicate that the skin may have minor cracks or lacerations, which allow bacteria to enter and cause infection.
Who Is Most Affected?
Although otitis externa can affect people of all ages, children and teenagers are more susceptible due to the prolonged time they spend submerged in water. Activities like swimming in pools, rivers, or the sea increase their exposure to the primary triggers of this condition.
Preventive Measures
To reduce the risk of developing otitis externa, follow these steps:
- Keep Ears Dry: After swimming or bathing, dry your ears gently with a soft towel. Avoid using cotton swabs, which can push debris deeper into the ear canal.
- Apply Protective Drops: Consult a doctor for ear drops or prepare a homemade solution of equal parts alcohol and vinegar to maintain the ear’s natural pH.
- Use Cool Air: Dry the ear canals with cool air from a hairdryer set to a low setting.
When to Seek Medical Help
If intense pain persists or the condition recurs frequently, consult a medical professional or an otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat specialist).
Treatment Options
Treatment for otitis externa typically involves:
- Pain Relief: Over-the-counter analgesics and anti-inflammatory medications.
- Topical Treatment: Prescription ear drops to reduce inflammation and combat infection.
- Oral Medications: If the infection is severe, oral antibiotics and corticosteroids may be prescribed to alleviate pain, reduce swelling, and address the infection.
Conclusion
While otitis externa is a common summer condition, proper care and preventive measures can minimise its impact. Staying vigilant and maintaining ear hygiene after water exposure can help keep this uncomfortable ailment at bay. If symptoms persist, professional medical guidance is essential to ensure effective treatment and recovery.